Ghusl (ग़ुस्ल / غسل)
Ghusl is the full ritual bath. It becomes fard after janabah, and when menstruation or post-natal bleeding ends. "If you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves." (Al-Ma'idah 5:6)
3 fara'id of ghusl (Hanafi)
1. Rinse the whole mouth (gargle, unless fasting)
2. Rinse the nose up to the soft bone
3. Wash the entire body so that not a hair's breadth stays dry
Sunnah method
Based on how Aisha ؓ and Maimunah ؓ described the Prophet's ﷺ ghusl (Bukhari 248, 249):
1. Intention and Bismillah
2. Wash both hands up to the wrists, 3 times
3. Wash the private parts and remove any impurity
4. Make wudu as for salah — rinsing mouth and nose fully
5. Pour water over the head 3 times so it reaches the roots of the hair
6. Wash the whole body, right side then left, rubbing — navel, ears, under the arms and between the toes too
7. Wash the feet (move aside if water collected where you stood)
Tayammum (तयम्मुम / تيمم)
When there is no water, or using it would cause harm (for example in illness), purify with clean earth. "…and you find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe your faces and hands." (An-Nisa 4:43)
3 fara'id of tayammum (Hanafi)
1. Intention
2. Wiping the whole face
3. Wiping both arms including the elbows
Method
1. Intend tayammum (in place of wudu or ghusl) and say Bismillah
2. Place both palms on clean earth or dust, then shake off the excess
3. Wipe the whole face once
4. Strike again and wipe the right arm to the elbow with the left hand, then the left arm
The Hanafi school uses two strikes; the hadith of Ammar ؓ (Bukhari 338, Muslim 368) describes the method in general.
In the app
Miftah has a free guide for Wudu, Namaz, Ghusl, Tayammum and Roza with a diagram for each step and the fara'id highlighted — in English, Hindi (हिन्दी), Urdu, Arabic and Indonesian. Please ask your local scholar where schools differ.
